Authors

Abstract

In order to improve the opener of the seeder and its lightweight structure, a new type of opener is designed. The overall structure and working principle of a single-ditch double-row opener are analyzed, and the structural parameters of machete cutting soil and the soil guide board are designed and optimized. Using the penetration angle of machete cutting soil and the included angle of the soil guide board as test factors, field experiments were conducted. As the test indexes, the working resistance, the sowing coefficient of variation, and the depth coefficient of variation were used to analyze the effect of the opener. The results showed that in terms of working resistance, the penetration angle of the machete cutting edge and the included angle of the soil guide board were extremely significant, and the included angle was greater than the penetration angle regarding the influence degree. In terms of the sowing coefficient of variation, the penetration angle was significant, and the included angle was extremely significant. Regarding the depth coefficient of variation, the penetration angle was extremely significant, and the included angle of the guide soil board was significant. Based on the optimization analysis by using the Design Expert 8.0.6, it is found that the performance of the opener is optimal when the penetration angle and the included angle are 50.03° and 42.36°, respectively. The working resistance, the sowing coefficient of variation, and the depth coefficient of variation are 61.47N, 6.49% and 4.22%, respectively. After verification, the results are basically consistent, and the seeding and trenching performance meets the agronomic requirements. This study can provide a basis and technical reference for the design and development of the ditching technology and opener.

Abstract in Chinese

为提高播种机开沟器开沟作业功能及轻量化结构，设计了一种单沟双行播种开沟装置，阐述分析了开沟器总体结构及工作原理，并设计了开沟器切土弯刀和分土板等关键部件的结构参数。以切土刀刃入土角和分土板夹角为试验因素，开沟工作阻力、播种变异系数和开沟深度变异系数为开沟器作业性能试验指标，进行田间试验。结果表明，对工作阻力影响，两因素均为极显著，且切土刀刃入土角>分土板夹角；对播种性能影响入土角为显著，夹角为极显著；对开沟深度变异系数影响，入土角为极显著，夹角为显著。运用Design-Expert 8.0.6软件进行优化分析，得出入土角50.03°，夹角42.36°时，播种开沟作业性能最优，工作阻力、播种变异系数和开沟深度变异系数分别为61.47N、6.49%和4.22%。进一步通过田间试验验证，结果基本一致，播种开沟性能完全满足要求。该研究为播种机开沟器的设计研发提供了研究基础与技术参考。